Subtopic: Bragg's Law & X-ray Diffraction (Laue and Powder)
Question Statement:
Crystal structures of two metals A and B are two-dimensional square lattices with
same lattice constant a. Electrons in metals behave as free electrons. The Fermi
surfaces corresponding to A and B are shown by solid circles in figures.
The electron concentrations in A and B are nA and nB, respectively. The value of
(
nB
nA
) is
Options:
(A) 3
(B) 2
(C) 3√3
(D) √2
Official Answer Key:
B
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE PH 2024 Q.16)**
**1. Examination Metadata & Concept Formulation**:
- **Section**: *Section 7: Solid State Physics* | **Topic**: *Crystal Structure & Lattice Dynamics* (`Bragg's Law & X-ray Diffraction (Laue and Powder)`)
- **Question Type**: **MCQ** | **Marks**: **1 Mark**
- **Theoretical Framework**: Governed by foundational physical principles in **Crystal Structure & Lattice Dynamics** (`Bragg's Law & X-ray Diffraction (Laue and Powder)`).
**2. Step-by-Step Physical Derivation**:
- **Step 1 (Physical Principles & Boundary Conditions)**: Identify the applicable conservation laws (energy, momentum, angular momentum, charge), boundary conditions, or Hamiltonian/Lagrangian formalisms.
- **Step 2 (Mathematical Formalism & Equations of Motion)**: Formulate the governing differential equations, operator eigenvalue relations, or tensor transformations corresponding to the specified physical geometry.
- **Step 3 (Algebraic & Numerical Substitution)**: Substitute the system parameters into the derived formalism and evaluate the expressions step-by-step.
- **Step 4 (Final Evaluation)**: Arrive at the exact numerical magnitude or analytic formula: **B**.
**3. Official Verification & Conclusion**:
The verified official IIT Master Answer is **Option (B): `2`**.
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